Case Analysis Of ZipCar

Case Analysis Of ZipCar Zipcar was set up in 1999 and it is a main organization in the vehicle offering industry in North America to a solid nearness in the U.S., Canada and Europe (Goldman S., May 2008). The organization has 200000 individuals in 50 markets and focuses on organizations, neighborhoods and colleges (Goldman S., May 2008). Their vision is â€Å"†Providing solid and helpful access to on-request transportation, supplementing different methods for mobility.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Goldman S., May 2008) The organization vehicle armada comprises of 5000 vehicles that incorporate half and half vehicles, SUVs and cars (Goldman S., May 2008). Their business is focused on a little market where individuals need to lease a vehicle on an hourly premise rather than everyday schedule. The clients can save a vehicle on the web and utilize a RFID card called the zipcard to enter the saved vehicle by swiping the card on the peruser close the driver’s windshield (Pearlson, K., Saunders, C. (2009)). Other than having a one of a kind help Zipcar utilizes incredible innovation to help its plan of action (Pearlson, K., Saunders, C. (2009)). They have a protected remote innovation that is utilized to screen vehicle security, feul level, hourly use and different highlights (Pearlson, K., Saunders, C. (2009)) . Zipcar has built up a one of a kind plan of action and bolstered it with suitable innovation which makes it an extraordinary business. With respect to haggling intensity of purchasers, Zipcar administration is viewed as special and the market they are focusing on is viewed as specialty. Since it is elusive a help like the one gave by Zipcar and the market is little the purchasers bartering power is low. The other substitute accessible is leasing vehicles by day which isn't advantageous for a portion of the clients. Open transportation and vehicle possession is another other option yet it might be exorbitant because of the rising fuel costs. In the other customary vehicle rental orga nizations the clients need to trust that long will get their vehicle. By utilizing Zipcar they can locate a close by vehicle without holding up which is progressively helpful. Furthermore, Zipcar has a built up brand name and a solid personality which makes the clients progressively connected to it. With a one of a kind assistance and a built up brand name Zipcar clients can't be high on value affectability and their bartering power is diminished. Concerning the dealing intensity of providers, the greater part of the providers for Zipcar are not concentrated. Guarantors, gas suppliers and vehicle offices can be considered among the providers of Zipcar. These work in serious markets. There are a few safety net providers, vehicle offices and gas suppliers and Zipcar can picked among them which makes the haggling intensity of providers low. Be that as it may, Zipcar needs parking spots and auto administrations which can be advantageous for the provider. Parking spots can be claimed by an administration authority or a business foundation. Zipcar may need to assemble and keep up associations with these substances to get the parking spots particularly if the legislature or the foundation possesses a tremendous stopping region. Along these lines the provider may have the advantage since Zipcar needs those spaces close to the clients. Additionally, the vehicles that Zipcar utilizes need administrations which makes the organization constrained to a not very many providers to offer this assistance. Since vehicles are the reason for the business, Zipcar needs to pick one dependable provider for the vehicle administration. Consequently, leaving territory proprietors and vehicle specialist organizations can be viewed as incredible providers.

The bhagavad gita †Eknath Easwaran

Dharma is one of the most significant fundamentals of the Hindu religion. It is taken from the Bhagavad Gita an assortment of writing considered as hallowed sacred writings by the Hindus. Dharma is a term not effectively defined.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The bhagavad gita †Eknath Easwaran explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is no total or clear definition for this term. It is made progressively convoluted by the way that the Bhagavad Gita discusses it in two unique manners. The first is the thing that can be considered as the universal comprehension of the term and the subsequent one is a progressively mysterious comprehension of dharma. The first is an acknowledged way of thinking among numerous Hindus and made obvious in the early piece of the Bhagavad Gita when it recounts the introduction to war and the support with respect to why warriors are eager to battle and pass on in the war zone. Be that as it may, in later areas, o ne can see Krishna conversing with Arjuna and he is discussing an alternate sort of dharma. The contention is the consequence of the Hindu perspective †that there are two-restricting real factors and this requires for the production of two kinds of dharma. It is critical to comprehend the two restricting dharmas so as to completely acknowledge and fathom the Gita with the goal that Hindus would then be able to utilize it as a manual for assemble a superior society. There are two kinds of dharma and every one repudiates the other. There are two perspectives. â€Å"First, there is the conventional Hindu perspective that the Gita overlooks war for the warrior class: it is the dharma, the ethical obligation, of troopers to battle in a decent purpose, however never for malicious leaders† (Easwaran, p.75). There is in this manner a defense to go to fight. It is adequate to murder and decimate for the name of the great. Yet, how might one recognize the great side or the insidio us side of a contention? The ultimate objective of the war is for one armed force to oppress the rival side and rule over them. This is bodily and not divine; it restricts the lessons of Krishna. On account of Arjuna the fight isn't to shield their country against an outside intruder, yet he was asked to battle his family members. Indeed, even the incomparable Mahatma Gandhi experienced difficulty understanding the reasonable inconsistency yet he offered his clarification saying that â€Å"To contend that the Gita approves savagery, he stated, was to give significance just to its initial refrains †its prelude, so to talk †and disregard the sacred writing itself† (Easwaran, p.75).Advertising Looking for exposition on religion religious philosophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, it must be recognized that there for sure exists an inconsistency; the Gita has two perspectives one is to embrace the n eed to make the best choice so as to prevail as a warrior, as a pioneer, and as a person with profound situated needs. And yet it likewise advocates peacefulness and the need to look for the strict and magical route as characterized by Krishna. The primary kind of dharma can be depicted as a lot of rules that can enable an individual to see how assemble a superior society liberated from hardship and disturbance. The second sort of dharma is a lot of rules that can enable an individual to accomplish self-acknowledgment and get the endorsement of Krishna. This was shown by Krishna himself when he turned into a minor charioteer so as to be near Arjuna. Krishna permitted this to occur so he can proceed with his lessons but then simultaneously confined from war. This is the motivation behind why the spiritualists decipher it as a purposeful anecdote â€Å"the enormous battle among great and evil† (Easwaran, p.75). Arjuna acknowledged there is a whole other world to life than wealt h, notoriety, and political influence. This drove Arjuna to shout out, â€Å"O Krishna, I have no longing for triumph, or for a realm or pleasures† (Easwaran, p.80). Krishna strengthened his lessons by disclosing to Arjuna that there is an extreme reason: â€Å"the interminable soul is a higher priority than the passing world† (Easwaran, p.84). In spite of the fact that there is a need to manage the functional parts of life, there is a higher way, the otherworldly way, and Krishna asked Arjuna to want the method of the spiritualists. Notwithstanding, this is an issue whenever saw from the conventional comprehension of dharma in light of the fact that nobody would safeguard their country if necessary and nobody will make the best decision when obligation calls for activity that may prompt war or affront others particularly scalawags. The contention and the logical inconsistency is the aftereffect of the Hindu perspective for they generally observe the yin and the yang, the dark and the white of everything. They generally observe dualities: great and underhandedness; torment and delight. In such manner, dharma is viewed as two wellsprings of help (Easwaran, p.275). The first is reliance on the outer world, food, home, riches, influence, joy and so on. The subsequent one is reliance on the Self alone (Easwaran, p.275). This is the motivation behind why Krishna asked Arjuna to battle but simultaneously not battle. Arjuna needs to battle for what is correct and yet he should understand that brutality will never be the changeless answer for life’s issues. He should figure out how to comprehend the ramifications of the second sort of dharma.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The bhagavad gita †Eknath Easwaran explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is undoubtedly a contention since people must react to his needs and the necessities of his family, family members, and companions. In the event that ther e is an admirable motivation for war, at that point he should make every effort to shield nation and friends and family. It is his dharma to go to the combat zone and win the war for good. Then again, his main dharma is to accomplish self-acknowledgment, a strict illumination that no one but Krishna can bring. This is conceivable if Arjuna is eager to relinquish the outside parts of life, for example, acclaim, riches, and political influence. As Krishna would state: â€Å"When you continue contemplating sense objects, connection comes †¦ breeds want, the desire of ownership that consumes to anger† (Easwaran, p.87). It is in this way essential to concentrate on oneself and afterward to Krishna. However still, it wavers between two choices that is the reason there are two types of dharma. Then again there is additionally a need to watch the customary method of getting dharma. Without it society will disintegrate. The police officer ought to be permitted to utilize power to secure savage hoodlums. On the off chance that they are prohibited to do it so in view of their strict goals then there would be tumult in the land. It would then be hard for them to seek after what the Bhagavad Gita instructs them to do. This is a unimaginable situation along these lines it isn't commonsense to just acknowledge everything that Krishna said to Arjuna. The individuals who bolster Krishna may contend indiscriminately that their god comes clean with of but then even the Bhagavad Gita says in the early on parts that there is such a mind-bending concept as a simply war (Easwaran, p.71). In the event that a simply war is acknowledge in understanding to the universal view, at that point this implies men are permitted to battle one another and that they are permitted to utilize apparatuses and weapons to devastate the other. There is nothing of the sort as a decent war for there will consistently be setbacks. There will unquestionably be the devastation of properties and t here will be the death toll and anguish with respect to the vanquished but then the Bhagavad Gita underpins the useful part of dharma asking pioneers and warriors and everyday citizens to make the best decision so as to cause great on the earth. Krishna anyway will say that there is nothing but bad separated from him. These two restricting purpose of perspectives must be mixed together. It is difficult to follow totally the lessons of Krishna since it would expect everybody to remain at home and not adventure into the common domain and become dynamic in exchange, in transportation, in human services, and in national security. On the off chance that this is the mentality of everybody, at that point the entire world will come to demolish, kids will go hungry, and the entire social structure would breakdown and social advancement would be impossible.Advertising Searching for exposition on religion philosophy? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More End The two sorts of dharma recommended in the Bhagavad Gita negates one another. There appears to be no real way to accommodate. The standard route recounts obligations and commitments that one must watch. The Krishna path then again denounces the wants of the fragile living creature and with it the longing for whatever is fleeting. Indeed, even the Bhagavad Gita repudiates Krishna since it additionally bolsters that political pioneers must have the ability to utilize their capacity, their military and their weapons to implement the standard of law. It is along these lines critical to comprehend the two restricting dharmas so as to completely acknowledge and grasp the Gita. Thus Hindus would then be able to utilize it as a manual for manufacture a superior society. Reference index Easwaran, Eknath. The Bhagavad Gita. CA: The Blue Mountain Center for Meditation, 2007. This article on The bhagavad gita †Eknath Easwaran was composed and put together by client Jaylah Conley to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. 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Pepsi Refresh Analysis free essay sample

A Thirst for Change For decades, PepsiCo refreshments have had accomplishment in catching a lot of piece of the overall industry of the soda pop industry through interesting publicizing efforts. Their battles rotated around the possibility that Pepsi was a beverage for the youthful and youthful on a basic level. The commercials were loaded up with idealism and intended to unite individuals here and there. At the turn of the twenty-first century, Pepsi was tested with the way that individuals were basically drinking less soft drink to change to more beneficial alternatives. Because of the issue, Pepsi started to grow its item portfolio by including more advantageous options in contrast to the sugar-filled soda pop. Despite the fact that it was a decent endeavor to fit in with the more wellbeing cognizant world, this new center obstructed the consideration that was given to their lucrative items. Pepsi realized they needed to interest their crowd as something beyond a soda pop brand. The issue was the manner by which do to so. We will compose a custom article test on Pepsi Refresh Analysis or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They started to follow the estimations of the nation and spotlight on rolling out an improvement for the better of society. First they propelled the Refresh Everything effort, which gave Pepsi a voice and afterward the Pepsi Refresh Project, which put that voice to activity. The venture, which expected to expand brand value, earned them an honor at the International Advertising Awards however neglected to build deals or piece of the overall industry. Despite the fact that the task was fruitful it was not selling item, which at long last was the principle objective. The Pepsi Refresh Project exploited one of the company’s best qualities, brand mindfulness. Individuals thought about Pepsi and were keen on what they were improving the general public around them. Pepsi considered this to be venture as a chance to set up a state of contrast from their greatest rival, Coca-Cola. They accepted that the new socially cognizant America was a danger to their industry and needed to battle the issue by yielding and assisting. Through online life and conventional advancement just as different advertising, Pepsi had the option to create 3. 24 billion media impressions, assessed to be worth $66 million in earned media esteem, with the Pepsi Refresh Project. Since quite a bit of their advancement was done through long range informal communication, Pepsi included 3 million Facebook fans and 53,000 Twitter adherents. They additionally publicized by means of advertisements on NBC, ABC, Fox, MTV, Spike, and ESPN and had print promotions in People and Parade magazines. For advertising, they urged superstars to partake in the program and offered awards to support their motivation. Indeed, even with the entirety of the achievement in cooperation of the program, the numbers that truly made a difference were not expanding. Pepsi deals dropped 4. 8% while piece of the pie likewise diminished. Eventually, Pepsi accepted that drawn out brand value was picked up however was uncertain whether to proceed with the undertaking. They couldn't go one more year spending a similar measure of cash on the Pepsi Refresh Project without their deals expanding. As I would like to think, Pepsi expanded the manner in which individuals consider them an organization and for that, the venture was a triumph. I don't feel that proceeding with this undertaking would be advantageous and they ought to loan their concentration to making a crusade that drives deals since they have a much more grounded brand value and mindfulness.

Scaffolding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Platform - Essay Example Platform directions portray particular preparing procedures intended for supporting realizing when the students are first acquainted with another angle. Framework gives students a circumstance, inspiration and establishment from which to welcome the new exercises acquainted with them (Coackley, 1994). Assignments that are too troublesome will be outside the trainees’ level of formative extension and might have unfavorable impacts. Overcoming any issues between their genuine turn of events and the potential, wanted outcomes probably won't be conceivable in light of the fact that disappointment sets in. A center undertaking of the crucial strides in framework involves shielding the students from getting disappointed. Empowering them to connect the space between the genuine and the conceivably potential abilities relies upon the assets or bolster the mentor gives (Wood, Bruner, and Ross, 1976). Then again, setting the norms too low may drive them into weariness and loss of inspir ation. On account of training teenagers’ soccer, the coach’s initial step was to assemble their advantage and draw in their dynamic interest. The students consider the to be as proficient about the substance of soccer just as a facilitator with the aptitudes, techniques and procedures required for training. The mentor not just inspires students by offering essential help to empower them to accomplish the goal, yet in addition offers support through demonstrating and featuring the basic highlights of soccer, and giving clues and questions that may assist them with reflecting (Wood, Bruner, and Ross, 1976). Towards this end, the mentor requires some close to home qualities like charm, a comical inclination, even temper, politeness, compassion and eagerness (Coackley, 1994). When the mentor accomplishes support, he separates the preparation program into littler and easier units. There are specific drills for strikers, safeguards, midfielders and goalkeepers. It starts wit h each gathering recognizing what and how they should accomplish. Genuine player development happens when each player’s routine preparing and playing environmental factors are of the best norm (Ewing and Seefeldt, 1990). Having a steady domain and an away from of what is in store for them expanded the trainees’ improvement. The mentor utilized video cuts and exceptionally orchestrated soccer fields as instructing helps. The mentor reliably utilizes video investigation of both gathering and individual execution. He builds up the examination in the locale of critical thinking contemplations. An exchange of inquiries, recommendations and replies between the mentor and players and afterward again between the players themselves is consistently gainful. The mentor focused on the importance of video investigation quickly following the movement. That is the point at which the student had a vibe for the activity. Video criticism had its most prominent effect in instructional co urses where assessment followed by quick repeat of the activity occurred in a mentor controlled circumstance (Ewing and Seefeldt, 1990). In zones where the learners are succeeding, the coach’s and instructing aid’s help are decreased. Similarly, he gave more help where he watched battling (Coackley, 1994). Brief survey periods in addition to the coach’s examination were trailed by endeavors to right just as enhance execution. Revision must be certain, not negative. The mentor quit talking and tuned in. The thought was to abstain from filling the trainees’ minds with subtleties, yet permit them to think and examine for themselves. He was distinctly to

Modern leaders still use Machiavelli's The Prince approach to, Essay

Present day pioneers despite everything utilize Machiavelli's The Prince way to deal with, governmental issues - Essay Example This exemplary of political theory has held its significance down the five centuries it has made due to come down to us, and pioneers of different notorieties have been familiar with it, and intentionally or sub-deliberately followed its standards. Present day initiative in the twentieth and twenty-first century are no special case, and instances of Machiavellian intelligence proliferate from Stalin and Hitler, to Ronald Reagan, Nixon and George Bush. One of the most striking proclamations that Machiavelli made was totally progressive as far as tolerating realities as they may be, and not what they should be or depicted to be in conventional political methods of reasoning. He professes to discuss what truly goes on behind the halls of intensity and what a political applicant ought to fundamentally learn so as to get to the top: Since how one should live is so far expelled from how one lives that he who relinquishes what is accomplished for that which one should do sooner learns ruin than his own safeguarding: in light of the fact that a man who should make a demonstration of goodness in all things fundamentally comes to destroy among such a significant number of who are bad. Due to this it is important for a sovereign, needing to look after himself, to figure out how to have the option to be bad and to utilize this and not use it as indicated by need.( Machiavelli, 1513) Joseph Stalin, an authoritarian head was a self-admitted admirer of Machiavelli, and looked to keep up his incomparability through being bad. He approved torment and mistreatment by doubtlessly proclaiming that any individual who didn't concur with him was truth be told and adversary of the state and had the right to be rebuffed all things considered: Stalin began the idea foe of the individuals. This term consequently rendered it superfluous that the ideological blunders of a man or men occupied with a discussion be demonstrated; this term made conceivable the use of the most merciless constraint, disregarding all standards of progressive lawfulness, against any individual who in any capacity couldn't help contradicting Stalin, against the individuals who were just associated with threatening goal, against the individuals who had terrible notorieties. ( Russian Institute-orgname, 1956) Yet, then again, Stalin splendidly followed the other ambitious idea of having all the earmarks of being generally excellent, where Machiavelli carefully trains a political hopeful to consistently show up absolutely kindhearted, A sovereign, subsequently, must be cautious never to neglect anything from his lips which isn't brimming with the five characteristics referenced above: he ought to show up, after observing and hearing him, to be all leniency, all loyalty, all trustworthiness, all graciousness, all religion. Stalin truly took care to make a fantasy around himself about being a mindful helpful man of honor, in spite of really being a savage and manipulative tyrant: As fierce dictators have learned consistently, and as Machiavelli advised, Stalin could demonstrate himself to be a mindful, even generous dad figure. .....Even today, among some more established Russians a solid wistfulness continues for Uncle Joseph, a compassionate, all-seeing, and all-mindful man who never truly existed yet lives on that route in the legends that despite everything encompass him. (Dvoretsky, Fugate, 1997) Another aficionado of Machiavelli was the scandalous Hitler, the scourge of our advanced occasions who beguiled the Germans into accepting their predominance as the

Moves and Music(als)

Moves and Music(als) Fun fact number 1: Im a drummer. You probably knew that, but you most definitely didnt have a gratuitously-added picture in which I pretend to twirl a drum stick to prove it. So let me fix that: Because Elizabeth 13 has a good point: we all need some way to show you were not robots.Fun fact number 2: Im an actor, albeit one with an incredibly short, not-so-involved career. I got my start in the second half of senior year, when my high school staged its production of Guys and Dolls (this will be moderately important later). But lets get to the heart of the matter. Lets say youre a student whos interested in MIT, and you want to continue doing artistic things be it performing, singing, acting, dancing, even going to open mic sessions and symphony hall performances if you end up going here. Your biggest concern is that MIT, which doesnt stand for Music and Incredible Theatre, is going to leave you no opportunity to pursue the arts any further. Sure, the admissions website has a whole spiel dedicated to the arts at MIT, but you know that spiels are spiels, not actual testimonies. Whats worse, maybe the facilities provided for the arts are in bad shape, and maybe the clubs to which MIT refers have only a nominal presence. Itd be sort of like, I dont know, being a drummer, and going to a music room somewhere and expecting to find a drum set that someone told you about, only to find its actually an electric drum set for which there is no power supply.* Youd be justifiably (not to mention, in this purely hypothetical scenario, quite) disappointed. Since I havent yet carved out a good niche for my artistic inclinations to speak from personal experience, Ill be drawing the following from a few events that Ive attended. (Im splurging on the pictures and video, since my last two posts had absolutely no media in them.) If youre the type of person who knows of Brahms, Bach, Vivaldi, or Mozart, meet your new best friend: the BSO College Card. These things exist!Thanks to MITs elaborate, completely fictional ruse to have its students get some culture, the College Card is free with your MIT ID. Once you have it, if the Boston Symphony Orchestra is set to perform on a particular week, you can drop by at the beginning of that week and pick up one free ticket to a concert. Unfortunately, these tickets are only available on a first-come, first-served basis, and particular performances may be blacked out. Given that these tickets are free, you might think the BSO gives students shoddy seats. Not so, jaded reader; my friend and I scored some serious nosebleed seats when we saw Manuel de Fallas Atlàntida being performed. Good thing your nose cant actually be bloodied from sitting that far up front.But lets say your thriftiness prevents you from taking public transportation all the way to Symphony Hall, and, like me, youre too lazy to walk or bike on down. Thats why MIT has the Kresge Auditorium, a popular venue for MITSO, MITs own symphony orchestra. Conveniently, Kresge also has a stage on the lower level, the Kresge Little Theater. You cant accuse MIT of false advertisement.Kresges smaller venue was where I saw Too Much Light Makes The Baby Go Blind, a dynamic collection of 30 two-minute plays. MITs Dramashop went to great lengths to preserve the eccentricity of the show, incorporating many elements of the Neo-Futuristss avant-garde style. Some of that includes small details: rolling a six-sided die to determine how much youll pay for the show; being notified that any confiscated items of yours will be returned at the end of the show; getting free pizza if the show is sold out, as my showing was; and forcing the entire cast to stay alert, as different members may need to replicate the two minute play that was just performed. But none of that holds a candle to the casts level of interaction with the audience and the utter disregard for the fourth wall. Lets just say that I was literally yanked from the audience and covered in bubble wrap. (Id show some photos and/or video of this, but unfortunately, copyright agreements forbade the use of any cameras during these performances) If youre in the mood for musicals, MIT has those. MITs Musical Theater Guild put on a performance of Guys and Dolls, presumably because MIT felt like reminding me of my senior year in high school. They made good use of their limited space in the Student Center, and the entire show was well-choreographed. Incredibly, the entire show, as is the case with the MTG itself, was also student-run. So basically, they had a huge role in constructing this set. Think about that: If it werent for my urge to make up for lots of copyright agreements, I wouldnt have used nearly this many pictures in this post.Finally, MIT hosted Ring the Alarm, a hip-hop dance show that brought together established dance groups and young dancers from local area colleges. Teams from Suffolk University, Wellesley College, Boston University, and MIT came on down to perform, with some seeking the top prize, and with others simply out to present their moves. Thankfully, several people from MIT actually know how to dance, which may or may not be what you expected. Heres a video of three MIT dance groups: Ridonkulous (who took 2nd place in the competition), Fixation, and Mocha Moves. (Also at the beginning is another dance troupe, Weapons of Mass, which consists of three MIT alum, but otherwise has no affiliation with MIT. So whoops. Ignore my false subtitling.) Not only was the competition itself a big success, it also raised money and awareness to help the fight against Sanfilippo syndrome. To give you an idea of how artistically involved MIT can be, those last three things that I listed (TMLMTBGB, Guys and Dolls, and Ring the Alarm) happened in the same weekend. As it is with seemingly anything at this school, doing what you love and making something of it is just a matter of carving out a niche. Try not to work too hard at doing all the work yourself, though, as the odds are good that someone, at least in part, shares that very same passion and the desire to build upon it. * = That means you, Macgregor house :- But its kind of coolyou still have Macgregor Convenience.

Supernaturalism in Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” - Literature Essay Samples

Poets in the Romantic period were not preoccupied with reason, unlike most of the intellectuals in the Eighteenth Century. Rather, they were able recognize the importance of non-rational processes in the mind. S.T. Coleridge was particularly interested in the supernatural. As a result, the supernatural is a common theme in many of Coleridge’s poems. Scholar John Beer comments that Coleridge incorporated â€Å"magic† in his poetry, asking readers not to question its practicality. This is apparent in his poem, â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†, where Coleridge asks the readers to suspend disbelief in order to see the significance behind the supernatural or magical elements. The power of hypnosis or mesmerism is one of the main supernatural themes in â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† The mariner is able to hold the wedding guest against his will, as if he has the power of hypnosis. â€Å"He holds him with his glittering eye The Wedding-Guest st ood still, And listens like a three years child: The Mariner hath his will† (1.13-16). The wedding guest is compelled to listen, as if he is under a spell. A three year old child does not have much say over what happens in his or her life, and likewise, the wedding guest does not have a choice over whether he stays to listen to the mariner’s story or not. He would prefer to go to the wedding, but is held by the mariner’s gaze. â€Å"He cannot choose but hear† (1.18 and 38). Mesmerism was the word they used for hypnosis in the Eighteenth Century because it had to do with the inner mind and perhaps the unconscious, subjects that Coleridge was very interested in. Not only is the wedding guest forced to listen to the story; but the Mariner is also forced to tell it. â€Å"Forthwith this frame of mine was wrenched with a woeful agony which forced me to begin my tale; and then it left me free† (7.578-581). The mariner must tell his tale otherwise he will remain in agony. â€Å"I pass, like night, from land to land; I have strange power of speech; That moment that his face I see, I know the man that must hear me: To him my tale I teach† (7.586-590). When he relates his tale, it releases his agony, but it adds to the agony of the listener, who â€Å"is of sense forlorn: A sadder and a wiser man† (7.623-624). The mariners tale is so vivid and magical that it captures the reader’s attention as well, as if they too are mesmerized. Once the mariner has begun his tale, neither he, the listener, nor the reader can stop. Coleridge presents The Albatross is presented as Christ- like and returns to it frequently throughout the poe to illuminate the elements of supernaturalism. â€Å"Through the fog it came; as if it had been a Christian soul† (1.64-65). The Albatross is a good omen, especially when it is following the mariner’s ship and watching out for the crews safety. â€Å"And a good south wind sprung u p behind; the Albatross did follow† (1.71-72). The fog and mist and the wind the albatross brings imply that it has some sort of divine power. When the mariner shoots the albatross it is symbolic of breaking the bonds between humans and nature. Only after the albatross is gone does the mariner realize how much he needed it. â€Å"And I had done a hellish thing, and it would work em woe: For all averred, I had killed the bird that made the breeze to blow† (1.91-94). This calm that ensues is an eerie stillness, a mariner’s worst nightmare, because they were reliant on the wind for movement. â€Å"Instead of the cross, the Albatross about my neck was hung† (2.141-142). Coleridge portrays the albatross as Jesus, and many painters of this time actually depicted the albatross as being crucified. As Coleridge writes later in the poem, the albatross loved the Mariner, just like Jesus once loved the people who crucified him. The albatross hanging around the Mariner s neck separates the him from the rest of the crew because it is a visual symbol of his sin. Once the Mariner realizes the beauty of the world and his connection to nature, he unknowingly blesses the creatures he once saw as cursed. â€Å"The self-same moment I could pray; and from my neck so free The Albatross fell off, and sank like lead into the sea† (4.288-291). The albatross falling off the mariner’s neck is a symbol of his redemption. The mariner has learned to love and to see beauty in nature. It is as if some higher power has lifted his burden lifted from him. However, once the albatross is gone, the mariner can never forget his sin. The curse that comes from the death of the Albatross is inexplicable, and Coleridge requires the reader to suspend disbelief and look beyond the events to unearth symbols of punishment and redemption. One of the most ghastly events in the poem is when the ghost ship arrives, bringing Death and Life-in-Death to gamble for the souls of the crew. At first, the mariner and crew are excited, â€Å"And [The mariner cries], a sail! a sail† (3.161). As the ship draws nearer, however, the chilling realization dawns on them that â€Å"Without a breeze, without a tide, she steadies with upright keel!† (3.169-171). The fact that this ship is moving while their own is stuck provides a frightening contrast between the two. The movement without wind is scary because it is logically impossible. This, however, is exactly the reason Coleridge chose to include the ghost ship, because he is exploring the supernatural in his work. The calm atmosphere also signals some strange goings-on. The sailors are are cursed, not able to move, the mariner’s is not able to die. The â€Å"ghost ship† is a traditional mythical/ supernatural element. The crew of this ship is made up of only 2 â€Å"people,† Death and his mate, Life-in-Death. Coleridge describes the ghost ship as having â€Å"ribs,† a n image that parallels the mariner who is old but unable to die. â€Å"The naked hulk alongside came and the twain were casting dice† (3.195-196). Death and Life-in-Death are gamble for the souls of the crew, which also a very traditional myth, similar to the myth of Davy Jones. Death takes the souls of all the crew members; but Life-in-Death wins the soul of the mariner, signifying that the he will live, but his life will be like death, which is a worse punishment than Death itself. Leaving life to chance shows the lack of control human beings actually have over our own lives. In this way, Coleridge uses the supernatural element of the ghost ship to represent the fragility and unpredictability of human life. The abrupt changes in weather are strange and unnatural, and show the presence of a higher power who controls it all. When the Albatross comes, it brings fog and mist to cover up the bright sun. It also brings a vital breeze to keep the ship moving. Upon the birds death by the Mariner’s hand, the blessings immediately cease. â€Å"All in a hot and copper sky, the bloody Sun, at noon† (2.111-112). The scorching sun turns red, the sea changes color and all kinds of strange slimy sea creatures come out at night. These occurrences cannot be explained though nature. It would not seem so unnatural if it had happened slowly, over time, but the fact that this happened right after the albatross died makes it seem less coincidental. As soon as the Mariner recognizes the interconnectedness of nature, he is able to sleep. However, another change happens in the weather, he says, â€Å"And when I awoke, it rained† (5.300). Not only does the rain come only when the mariner’s mindset is changed, but the wind also abruptly returns, â€Å"And soon I heard a roaring wind† (5.309). This weather pattern is explicable through science, but the fact that it happens directly after the Mariner’s repentance gives it a supernatural quality. It is as if some higher power is creating pathetic fallacy in the poem, only because of the circumstances the rain and wind are considered to be good. Even though the Mariner is â€Å"rescued† at the end of the poem, he still has a curse upon him. This would explain his happiness when he sees the rain. It is bittersweet. At the time it comes the mariner is overjoyed to feel it, but he knows it is only a temporary pleasure, because he is now forced to walk the earth telling his tale. Likewise, the Mariner and the crew definitely do not appreciate the heat and intensity of the sun while they are parched. However, a nice balance between sun and rain, wind and calm would be best. When the mariner shoots the albatross, it is as if he ruins the balance of nature and can only restore it through his prayer and repentance. Spirits, which Coledridge uses to personify certain aspects of nature are perhaps one of the most frightening aspects of supernaturalism in the poem, at l east for the Mariner. The first spirit is â€Å"the Spirit that plagued us so; nine fathom deep he had followed us from the land of mist and snow† (2.132-134). Spirits also take the form of ghosts in the grotesque figures of Death and Life-in-Death. For the Mariner, some of the most scary spirits are those of his dying crew, who each curse him as they die. â€Å"Each turned his face with a ghastly pang, and cursed me with his eye† (4.214-215). The Mariner uses a simile for the souls passing by him, comparing their movement to the whizz of his crossbow. This is significant because this is the same tool the Mariner used to kill the albatross. The wedding guest fears the Mariner might be a ghost himself due to his strange powers and skeletal look, but the Mariner assures him that he is not. However, the Mariner might prefer being a ghost over this fate. When he first awakens after his soul is taken, he thinks â€Å"that [he has] died in sleep, and [is] a blessed ghost.â €  By referring to a ghost as blessed, the Mariner insinuates that he would consider that fate a better option than the one he is saddled with. When his dead crew all rise up as ghosts and begin to steer the ship, the Mariner is frightened. â€Å"’Twas not those souls that fled in pain, which to their corpses came again, but a troop of spirits blest† (5.347-349), he tells the frightened wedding guest. Although the Mariner is scared by the ghosts harmonies, he recognizes the beauty of it all. When the Mariner overhears two spirits talking about him and the suffering he has endured and has yet to endure is an allusion to the Holy Spirit, which the Mariner would receive upon his salvation. Spirits represent an element of supernaturalism and fear, but also personify forces of nature like life, death and retribution. When the spirits all harmonize, their sound signifies that the universe has been put back it is right, natural order again.Overall, the elements of supernat uralism in Coleridge’s â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner† force readers to suspend their disbelief in order to fully comprehend the symbolism and meanings behind the magical scenes. The Albatross has many magical, divine aspects to it, with its ability to bring the fog, mist and wind, and its love for the Mariner reflects a love of Christ as well as the interconnectedness of nature. The ghost ship is one of the most pure mythical elements in this poem, symbolizing the lack of control human beings have over our own lives. The weather is another important component of supernaturalism, signalling the imbalance that the Mariner creates in nature by the shooting the albatross and the subsequent restoration of that balance by a divine power. The final elements of supernaturalism are the various spiritual beings. These add an element of fear, and yet symbolize the order of the universe and remind the Mariner and the reader of the impending afterlife. Works Cited:Coleridg e, Samuel Taylor. â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† The Broadview Anthology of British Literature. Comp. Joseph Black, Leonard Conolly, Kate Flint, Isobel Grundy. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview, 2007.